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How Does ADHD Medication Work? When a neuron transmits a message to another neuron, it uses chemicals called neurotransmitters. These need to cross a tiny gap called a synapse. Certain ADHD medications increase the efficiency of these messages. They can help neurons release more neurotransmitters, or slow down the process of reuptake (called reuptake inhibitors). Doctors start people with ADHD with a small dose of medication and then observe their responses. They gradually adjust the dosage to discover the “sweet spot,” the lowest dose that produces a clear improvement in symptoms and has few side effects. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate is the first drug that doctors try to help ADHD kids, is typically Methylphenidate. It is a way to increase the amount of dopamine and norepinephrine in children's brains, which helps them focus and pay attention. It also reduces their hyperactivity and impulsivity. It is important to keep in mind that methylphenidate is a controlled substance and should only be used under the supervision of a doctor. Ritalin is the most commonly used methylphenidate drug. It is available in tablets that release immediately (Ritalin, Concerta, or Quillichew ER) chewable tablets with a long-acting mechanism (Cotempla XR-ODT or Adhansia XR) or long-acting capsules (Adhansia PM or Jornay PM). Certain versions of this medication contain the artificial sweetener aspartame, which is dangerous for people with Phenylketonuria (an inherited condition that causes severe intellectual impairment). Inform your doctor if or your child have food allergies. Researchers have discovered that methylphenidate may reduce abnormal activity, specifically in the accumbens nucleus and also a network of brain networks involved in adaptive control. This is the reason why methylphenidate is considered to be one of the most effective medications for treating ADHD. Side effects of stimulants include sleepiness, nausea, headaches anxiety, agitation, the tics and agitation. These aren't common however they can be serious. You should consult your physician immediately if you notice any of these symptoms. You should also tell your doctor if your child has allergies, an underlying heart condition or depression, bipolar disorder, or other mental health conditions such as glaucoma, a history of seizures or strokes or if you are taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) like isocarboxazid (Marplan), linezolid (Zyvox), methylene blue, or phenelzine (Nardil). It's important to take methylphenidate exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Amphetamines Amphetamines can help you concentrate on your thoughts and avoid distractions by speeding up the transmission of messages between brain cells. They are the most frequently prescribed medications to treat ADHD in both children and adults. They increase the amount of neurotransmitters norepinephrine as well as dopamine in your brain. Amphetamines are available in both short-acting (immediate-release) and intermediate or long-acting varieties. They are available orally or through injection. Some people are troubled by the side effects of stimulant medication, like restlessness or difficulties sleeping, or an increased heart rate or high blood pressure. Your doctor will observe the symptoms and adjust the dosage to determine the best one for you. Some people may need to take a mixture of drugs to achieve the desired effect. Stimulant drugs affect two important neurotransmitters in the pre-frontal cortex. It is the part of your brain which regulates your emotions and control your behavior. These drugs are used to treat a range of mental health issues such as depression, ADD/ADHD anxiety, bipolar disorder and depression. The most common types of stimulant drugs are amphetamines and methylphenidates. The FDA has approved dozens of brand-name stimulants for treating ADHD. They are available in a variety of forms – from stimulants that are short-acting to long-acting stimulants – and can be taken orally, or in a injection. Students, truck drivers and teenagers who require more energy to perform endurance sports can abuse amphetamines. They can also cause physical and mental problems when misused, particularly in higher doses. ADHD can be treated with non-stimulant medication. They include atomoxetine, clonidine, and guanfacine. They are in the same class as antidepressants and belong to the norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors and alpha-2 adrenergic agonists classes. They are built on the same chemical that stimulants do, however they are less likely to exacerbate the symptoms of tics in those with Tourette syndrome. Short-acting stimulants These medications are used for treating adolescents and children with ADHD. These medications can be taken orally or applied to the skin. They are available in pills that can be swallowed or chewed and capsules that can be opened and sprinkled onto food items, as well as liquids and patches. They are typically only available with a prescription from a doctor. These include methylphenidate (brand names Ritalin, Concerta, Focalin, Daytrana), and amphetamines (Adderall, Dexedrine, Vyvanse). Short-acting stimulants work quickly and last from 3 to 6 hours. These medications alleviate symptoms for 70 percent to 80% children and adults with ADHD. They reduce the tendency to fidget and interruptions, as well as making it easier to finish tasks. They also help improve academic performance and interpersonal relationships. However, they can't address the root causes of ADHD. It's important to combine them with behavior therapy. It's also important to understand that ADHD medicines have side effects. They can cause you to be drowsy or cranky, and can affect your sleep. But these effects are usually minor and go away as the medicine is eliminated from your body. Your doctor may advise you to start with a smaller dosage and gradually increase it. They'll observe how the medication affects you or your child and also look for any signs of problems. It can take some time to determine the best medication and dose for your child or yourself. It's best to be open with your health care team and communicate clearly. They might suggest changes in the frequency of medication that you or your child takes or if a medication is required at all. They will also be looking to determine if you or your child have any other mental or medical ailments. Intermediate stimulants Stimulants manage ADHD symptoms by altering the activity of neurotransmitters in the brain. This boosts the levels of norepinephrine as well as dopamine, two substances that are important for the pre-frontal cortex area of the brain. (Think of it as “your secretary” in the executive part of your mind). Stimulant medications are effective for most ADHD children. Your doctor will work with you to figure out what kind of medication and dose is right for you. You may have to try various types of medications before you find the one that is right for you or your children. You can consume these stimulants in chewable tablets or liquid form. These drugs are quick-acting and last for three to four hours. The “crash effect” can occur when the medicine is exhausted. It is characterized by an abrupt drop in energy levels and an intense hunger. Long-acting stimulants (like dexamfetamine and lisdexamfetamine) are also available. These are more complicated and require prescriptions. They are injected into the bloodstream and then change from inactive to active in red blood cells. Finding the right medication, dosage and schedule for your child or for yourself can take time. Your doctor will track how you respond to the medication and watch for problems such as sleep disturbances. If you or your child is not responding well to stimulants, they will also discuss non-stimulant medication. It is not advisable to stop or change your ADHD medication without talking to your doctor first. Inform your doctor if take any prescription drugs or supplements, as they can interact with ADHD medications. Long-acting stimulants For 70-80% of adults and children with ADHD stimulant medications work in decreasing hyperactivity, interrupting behavior as well as impulsivity, fidgeting and fidgeting. They also aid people to focus, finish tasks, and maintain relationships. However, they may not reduce moodiness or other troublesome symptoms. And they can have negative effects, such as loss of appetite, insomnia stomachaches, jitteriness, changes in heart rhythm and high blood pressure. These medications work in phases to treat ADHD symptoms throughout the day. The majority of these medications begin to work in 30 to 60 minutes. add medication adult wear off after 3 to 6 hours. They can be utilized in combination with other types of ADHD treatment like behavioral therapy. Some of these long-acting stimulants, such as atomoxetine-ER (Intuniv) and guanfacine (Strattera), can be used all night long and last until the next day. Some doctors recommend using them to fill an afternoon trough so that patients don't need an additional dose at school or afterschool. Long-acting stimulants don't boost dopamine levels as rapidly as short- and intermediate-acting drugs, but they still raise their levels significantly. They don't have the same rebound effects as shorter-acting stimulants. Due to the possibility of negative side effects Because of the potential for side effects, long-acting stimulants are generally prescribed as a second line treatment for older teens suffering from ADHD. However, they can also be utilized as a first-line treatment for those with ADHD who haven't had a response to other medications. While medication can help improve concentration and self-control, it's never the only solution for people suffering from ADHD. With the help of a good night's eating habits, regular sleep and other self-help strategies, it is often possible to decrease or even eliminate the need for ADHD medication.